
The Downer soil series is the New Jersey State Soil. In 1955, G. A. Quackenbush of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station was the first to use the name Downer to represent some yellowish, sandy and somewhat droughty soils of the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. However, it was first established as a soil series in 1960 in Gloucester County, in the southern part of the State.
Downer soils are found in woodlands (forest) and many of the Garden State’s vegetables and crops are grown on Downer soil. Common tree species consist of mixed oaks of chestnut, blackjack, white, black, scarlet and post oaks, hickory, and scattered pines such as pitch pines, shortleaf pines, and Virginia pines. Blueberry and bracken fern provide the bush or shrub layer under the trees. These forests are home to white-tailed deer, opossum, mushrooms, lichens and much more. It is also important for putting “garden” in New Jersey’s nickname, the “Garden State.” About 40% of the soil is used for cultivation of high-value vegetable and fruit crops such as peppers, tomatoes, cabbage, apples, asparagus, and sweet potatoes. Hay, pasture, nursery stock and sod production when irrigated, are also grown on this soil. In addition, some of the soil has been used for sand mining and some towns are settled on Downer soil.
For more information about this and other State Soils, visit the Soil Science Society of America "Around the World-State Soils" website.