
The precious Bordesholm Altar from carved wood inside the Cathedral of St Peter at Schleswig (in German: "St.-Petri-Dom zu Schleswig"), Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Some background information:
The Bordesholm Altar was carved from 1514 to 1521 of oak wood by the German sculptor Hans Brüggemann. It has a height of 12.6 metres (41.3 feet), depicts 392 figurines and shows the scriptural passion. Initially, the altar was made for the Augustinian abbey in Bordesholm. But after this monastery had been dissolved in the course of the Reformation and also the prince’s school that used the abbey afterwards had folded in 1666, Duke Christian Albrecht of Gottorf had the masterpiece installed in the Cathedral of St Peter at Schleswig.
The Cathedral of St Peter at Schleswig, is the main church of the town of Schleswig. It was the Catholic cathedral of the Bishop of Schleswig until the diocese was dissolved in 1624. It is now a Protestant Lutheran church and the seat of the Lutheran Bishop of Schleswig and Holstein, and ranks among the most important architectural monuments of Germany’s most northern federated state.
In 850 a missionary church was founded in Haithabu resp. Hedeby in the vicinity of today’s Schleswig. Hedeby was an important Viking trading settlement, whose remains are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2018. Between 947 and 949, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I installed three dioceses on the Cimbrian peninsula: Ribe, Schleswig and in 948 Århus. After the foundation of the Schleswig diocese in 947, the first cathedral in Schleswig was built. Today, neither its size nor its location is known.
In 1134, the construction of a new Romanesque basilica began, which was finished around 1200. In the same year, the Danish King Niels’ headless body was laid out in St. Peter's Cathedral after it was pulled from the Schlei in the nets of local fishermen. The monks who attended the corpse heard strange noises and thought that the spirit of King Niels was wandering about in the church. As a result, the king's body was taken to Gottorp and stuffed into a boggy grave. Someone hammered a stake through Niels' chest to keep him there. Legend has it that King Niels' still haunts the cathedral, and that he still hunts across the moors and forests of Schleswig with his hounds.
After the collapse of two towers and some parts of the basilica in 1275, the High Gothic Hall Choir was constructed and completed around 1300. In 1408, the Late Gothic Hall Church was completed for the time being. However, reconstruction work lasted until the 16th century, when the Cathedral of St Peter at Schleswig was finally perfected. At that time, as elsewhere, it were primarly the citizens of Schleswig, who adopted Luther’s teachings. In contrast, the bishop and the cathedral chapter were dismissive. However, in 1527, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway, to whose domain Schleswig belonged back then, called a Protestant pastor from Wittenberg for the cathedral, who was accepted by the council and the community. In 1531, the last two parish churches within the city were dissolved and their communities were transferred to the cathedral.
But the cathedral still belonged to the bishop and his chapter, who remained faithful to the Catholic faith and continued to hold their services in the choir. It was not until the reign of Christian III, Frederick I’s successor, that attempts were made to implement the Reformation everywhere. In 1533, he forced the Catholic bishop to acknowledge the new conditions at the cathedral, grant the king the right to appoint positions, and restrict the chapter’s services. Due to the rapid spread of the Reformation, the bishop and chapter soon lost their functions as the spiritual supervisory authority and by the end of the 1530s, Protestant superintendents had taken their place.
In 1542, the Catholic bishop was replaced by a Protestant one, whose spiritual oversight now extended to the entire Duchy of Schleswig. At the same time, the cathedral chapter was retained as an institution but with only eight positions for canons. From 1583 to 1887, a market was held in the cloister of the cathedral. The current Christmas market continues the centuries-old market tradition at this place. Its revenues serve to save and preserve endangered artworks in the cathedral. In 1888, building work was again necessary, as King William II of Prussia, to whose domain Schleswig belonged (since 1864), requested the construction of a Gothic revival western tower, which was completed in 1894. With a height of 112 metres, the new steeple is a bit too high compared to the proportions of the church.
The church furnishings include the precious Bordesholm Altar, the Renaissance sepulchral monument of Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway, the so-called Blue Madonna, a bronze baptismal fond and an organ that dates back to the 16th century. The oldest, but certainly not the heaviest bell of the cathedral is the St-Mary‘s-Bell. It has a weight of 1.9 tons and dates from 1396.
With its almost 27,000 residents, the town of Schleswig is the capital of the district of Schleswig-Flensburg. Today, Schleswig‘s main industries are leather and food processing. The Viking settlement of Hedeby, located south of the modern town, was first mentioned in 804. It was a powerful settlement in the Baltic region, dominating the area for more than 200 years. In 1050, following several destructions, the population was moved to the opposite shore of the Schlei and the new settlement became the town of Schleswig. After Hedeby had been finally destroyed in 1066, Schleswig remained a part of the Danish kingdom.
In 1544, Gottorf Castle in Schleswig became the residence of the local rulers. The dukes of Gottorf were vassals of the Danish kings and ruled over much of present-day Schleswig-Holstein. In 1721, when the Great Northern War ended, the dukes of Gottorf lost their power and their land became Danish crown land. After the Second Schleswig War from 1864, Schleswig was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia.
Schleswig is located at the western end of the Schlei. The Schlei is a narrow inlet resp. fjord of the Baltic Sea. It stretches for approximately 32 kilometres (20 miles) from the Baltic Sea near Kappeln and Arnis to the city of Schleswig. Along the Schlei are many small bays and swamps. The fjord separates the Angeln peninsula to the north from the Schwansen peninsula to the south.