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A detailed close-up of a circuit board illuminated by green light

Salzwedel.
Зальцведель.

Haldensleben.
Гальденслебен.

Haldensleben.
Гальденслебен.

Chelsea, MA

Epidemiology
They are rare in children, infrequent below age 40, and common in those over 50. Their number and size increase with age 8. Reported prevalence range is very wide and can range between 7-70%11.

Clinical presentation
Prostatic calcifications are most often an incidental and asymptomatic finding, but they have been associated with symptoms such as dysuria, hematuria, obstruction, or pelvic/perineal pain. Occasionally calcifications can be passed via the urethra 1,2.

Pathology
One of the key mechanisms for development of prostate calcifications is thought to be calcification of the corpora amylacea and simple precipitation of prostatic secretions 9.

Etiology
Prostatic calcification may be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to 2,6 :

diabetes mellitus
infections - e.g. tuberculosis or bacterial prostatitis
benign prostatic hypertrophy - calcification occurs in 10%
prostate cancer
radiation therapy
iatrogenic - urethral stents or surgery
Associations
chronic pelvic pain syndrome 4,5
voiding dysfunction: rarely reported with large extrinsic calculi 11
large prostatic volume 10
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Radiographic features
Prostate calcifications are most often bilateral and found in the posterior and lateral lobes although unilateral calcification can also be seen.

Plain radiograph
Variable appearance from fine granules to irregular lumps and can range in size from 1 to 40 mm. If there is significant prostatic hypertrophy the calcifications can project well above the pubic symphysis 1,2.

Ultrasound
Calcifications appear as brightly echogenic foci that may or may not show posterior shadowing 3.

CT
Calcifications appear as hyperattenuating foci of variable thickness 3.

MRI
Often difficult to visualize on MRI, the typical appearance is a small signal void, similar to calcifications elsewhere in the body. Gradient echo sequences, such as SWI may be better to identify calcifications.

radiopaedia.org/articles/prostatic-calcification

The prostate is both an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation. It is found only in some mammals. It differs between species anatomically, chemically, and physiologically. Anatomically, the prostate is found below the bladder, with the urethra passing through it. It is described in gross anatomy as consisting of lobes, and in microanatomy by zone. It is surrounded by an elastic, fibromuscular capsule and contains glandular tissue as well as connective tissue.

The prostate glands produce and contain fluid that forms part of semen, the substance that is emitted during ejaculation as part of the male sexual response. This prostatic fluid is slightly alkaline, milky or white in appearance. The alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. The prostatic fluid is expelled in the first part of ejaculate, together with most of the sperm, because of the action of smooth muscle tissue within the prostate. In comparison with the few spermatozoa expelled together with mainly seminal vesicular fluid, those in prostatic fluid have better motility, longer survival, and better protection of genetic material.

Disorders of the prostate include enlargement, inflammation, infection, and cancer. The word prostate comes from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostátēs, meaning "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian", with the term originally used to describe the seminal vesicles.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

“Bendix supplies every car manufacturer in America with one or more vital units.”

The Bendix Corporation was a major producer of electronic components during World War II. After the war, it transitioned to consumer markets, expanding its product line to include radios and phonographs. The company introduced their first home radios in the late 1940s and ventured into the television market during the 1950s. Although popularly connected to washing machines, the Bendix Corporation itself never manufactured them. They were produced by a partner company that licensed the Bendix name.

Bendix ceased operations in 1983 when it was acquired by the Allied Corporation. It later became part of Honeywell, where the "Bendix" brand name is still used for certain automotive and aviation components. [Sources: Wikipedia and Bendix.com]

“Bendix Products have equipped over 50 million automobiles throughout the world.”

“Virtually every important manufacturer in the automotive and aviation industries looks to Bendix to supply one or more (frequently all) of the vital units for controlling power in his product. For this reason, what Bendix builds, and the way that Bendix builds, are important to every driver and owner. Starting, running or stopping, the control of power in your car, truck, bus or airplane – or even your motor boat – is more likely a Bendix responsibility. The ten famous Bendix chassis units diagrammed and explained [in this ad] are but the more widely known products in an array of precision mechanisms such as no other source in the industry can provide. All are leaders. Bendix makes all of them. Bendix invented – created – most of them. And Bendix warrants them, stands back of them, and commands them to you.” [From the ad copy]

The Bendix Corporation was a major producer of electronic components during World War II. After the war, it transitioned to consumer markets, expanding its product line to include radios and phonographs. The company introduced their first home radios in the late 1940s and ventured into the television market during the 1950s. Although popularly connected to washing machines, the Bendix Corporation itself never manufactured them. They were produced by a partner company that licensed the Bendix name.

Bendix ceased operations in 1983 when it was acquired by the Allied Corporation. It later became part of Honeywell, where the "Bendix" brand name is still used for certain automotive and aviation components. [Sources: Wikipedia and Bendix.com]

n.d.
Charcoal on paper
41.5 x 51.5 cm
unsigned

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