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The Liberty Bell, formerly known as the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is a powerful symbol of American independence situated in Philadelphia. Originally housed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House, now known as Independence Hall, the bell currently resides in the Liberty Bell Center across the street within Independence National Historical Park. The bell was commissioned in 1752 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from the London firm of Lester and Pack, later known as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry. It bears the inscription "Proclaim LIBERTY Throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof," derived from a biblical passage in the Book of Leviticus (25:10). Shortly after its arrival in Philadelphia, the bell cracked when rung and was subsequently recast twice by local craftsmen John Pass and John Stow, whose names are inscribed on the bell. Initially, the bell served the purpose of summoning lawmakers to legislative sessions and announcing public meetings and proclamations.
Although there is no immediate record of the Liberty Bell ringing on July 4, 1776, to commemorate the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence, bells were rung on July 8 to mark the reading of the United States Declaration of Independence. While there is no definitive historical account confirming the Liberty Bell's participation, it is widely believed to have been among the bells rung on that occasion. Following the attainment of American independence, the bell faded into relative obscurity until the 1830s when it was adopted as a symbol by abolitionist societies, earning the name "Liberty Bell."
Sometime in the early 19th century, the bell acquired its distinctive crack. An enduring legend claims that it cracked while tolling in honor of Chief Justice John Marshall's death in 1835. The bell gained widespread fame through a short story published in 1847, which falsely asserted that an elderly bellringer rang it on July 4, 1776, upon learning of the Second Continental Congress's declaration of independence. Although the bell did not ring on that specific date, the tale was widely embraced as truth, even by some historians. Starting in 1885, the city of Philadelphia, as the bell's owner, permitted its transportation to various exhibitions and patriotic gatherings. As the bell attracted enormous crowds, additional cracks appeared, and fragments were taken by souvenir seekers. The bell's last journey of this nature occurred in 1915, after which the city declined further requests.
Following World War II, Philadelphia entrusted the National Park Service with the custody of the Liberty Bell while retaining ownership. The bell served as a symbol of freedom during the Cold War and became a prominent site for protests during the 1960s. In 1976, it was relocated from its long-standing residence in Independence Hall to a nearby glass pavilion on Independence Mall. In 2003, the bell found its new home in the expanded Liberty Bell Center adjacent to the pavilion. The Liberty Bell has been featured on coins and stamps, and its name and image have been widely utilized by corporations, solidifying its enduring status as a cherished national icon.
The Liberty Bell, previously known as the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is an iconic symbol of American independence situated in Philadelphia. Originally housed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House, now renamed Independence Hall, the bell currently resides across the street in the Liberty Bell Center within the premises of Independence National Historical Park. Commissioned in 1752 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from the London firm of Lester and Pack (later known as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry), the bell bears the inscription "Proclaim LIBERTY Throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof," a reference from the Book of Leviticus 25:10 in the Bible. Upon its arrival in Philadelphia, the bell cracked when rung and was subsequently recast twice by local artisans named John Pass and John Stow, whose surnames are inscribed on the bell. In its early years, the bell served as a summons for lawmakers and a means of alerting citizens about public gatherings and proclamations.
Although no immediate announcement was made about the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence, and thus the bell did not ring on July 4, 1776, in relation to that event, bells were rung on July 8 to mark the reading of the United States Declaration of Independence. While there is no firsthand account of the Liberty Bell's ringing on that occasion, most historians believe it was one of the bells rung. After securing American independence, the bell faded into relative obscurity until the 1830s when it was embraced as a symbol by abolitionist societies, earning it the moniker "Liberty Bell."
The bell obtained its distinctive crack sometime in the early 19th century. A popular story suggests that it cracked while tolling in honor of Chief Justice John Marshall's death in 1835. The bell gained fame after an 1847 short story claimed that an elderly bell ringer rang it on July 4, 1776, upon hearing of the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence. Although the bell did not actually ring for independence on that July 4, the tale was widely accepted as true, even among some historians. Starting in 1885, the city of Philadelphia, which owns the bell, permitted its transportation to various expositions and patriotic gatherings. The bell attracted enormous crowds wherever it traveled, leading to additional cracking and souvenir hunters chipping away pieces. The bell's last such journey took place in 1915, after which the city declined further requests.
Following World War II, Philadelphia entrusted the National Park Service with custody of the bell while retaining ownership. During the Cold War, the bell was employed as a symbol of freedom and became a prominent site for protests during the 1960s. In 1976, it was relocated from its long-standing residence in Independence Hall to a nearby glass pavilion on Independence Mall. Subsequently, in 2003, it found its new home in the larger Liberty Bell Center adjacent to the pavilion. The bell has been featured on coins and stamps, and its name and image have been widely utilized by corporations.
XXI Mercado Medieval de La Adrada
laadrada.net/21-mercado
Thumb Piano also known as a kalimba or a or mbira – a name derived from Shona language of Zimbabwe - is uniquely African percussion instrument. In the distant past it was made entirely of wood or bamboo and could have been used for a few thousand years. For the Macro Mondays group challenge: Music. The area shown is a part of the 17 "keys" and measures about 3cm.
Happy Macro Monday!