Maryborough. Population 7,800.
Scottish pastoralists the Simson brothers took up land for sheep farming here in 1840. A gold rush to the district began in March 1853 when alluvial gold was first discovered. Assistant Gold Commissioner James Daly named the goldfield Maryborough after his birthplace in Ireland. By spring of 1854 Maryborough had a population of 25,000 and the following year a town was surveyed and land offered for sale with the town formally gazetted in 1857. Early structures were the police barracks and station, the gold assay office, the hospital and the Wesleyan Methodist church. This first church was rebuilt around 1860 and is the oldest still standing church in Maryborough but it is now a private residence. Next door to this old church is a later Wesleyan Methodist church which was erected in 1886. It too is now privately owned awaiting a new function.
By the mid-1860s the town had a school, Anglican, Presbyterian( built 1860 and now the blue basalt stone Uniting Church) and Congregational churches, a gold assay office, an early fire station which still stands, stores, hotels, Mechanics Institute, hospital and all the necessary buildings for a growing town. In 1874-75 railway lines from four directions reached the town but the magnificent Federation style Dutch gable railway station was not erected until 1890. From the late 1870s the gold town saw the erection of buildings worthy of a wealthy town including the impressive Post Office and Tower built 1878, the grand Town Hall built in 1887, the Courthouse constructed 1893 and the grand School of Mines which opened in 1890. Industry was established including brick works, flourmill, jam factory and horse carriage works. In the 20th century textile mills and butter factories were added. Gold mining ceased in the town in 1918. The town has a smaller population of around 8,000 people today compared with its gold rush era of 53,000 in 1856.