Brake van and guard's van are terms used mainly in the UK, Ireland, Australia and India for a railway vehicle equipped with a hand brake which can be applied
Their name comes from earlier days when many trains ran with un-braked wagons with only the locomotives brakes stopping the train. One or more brake vans would typically be attached to the rear of the train and the guard would operate a handbrake at the rear to assist the braking power of the locomotive.
West Somerset Railway; Spring Steam Gala 2025.