The Postcard
A postcard bearing no publisher's name bearing an image that is a glossy real photograph. The card was posted in Bournemouth using a 1½d. stamp on Friday the 12th. August 1921. It was sent to:
Mrs. Meades,
10, Woodlands Road,
Tonbridge,
Kent.
The message on the divided back of the card was a model of brevity:
"Just a card.
Arrived safe.
Very cold here.
Leaving Tuesday.
Love,
Yours,
P."
The Foundering of the St. Clair
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 12th. August 1921, the French cargo ship St. Clair caught fire at Mex, Egypt. It was beached and later declared a total loss.
Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle
The day also marked the death of Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle.
Rosalind Frances Howard (née Stanley) was born on the 20th. February 1845. She was a member of both the Stanley and Howard families.
Rosalind was known as the Radical Countess, because she was an activist for women's political rights and for the temperance movement.
-- Rosalind Howard - the Early Years
The Countess of Carlisle was born in Grosvenor Crescent, Belgravia, London, the tenth and last child of the Whig politician the Hon. Edward Stanley, and the women's education campaigner the Hon. Henrietta Stanley.
Her father was the eldest son of John Stanley, 1st. Baron Stanley of Alderley and his wife Lady Maria, daughter of the Earl of Sheffield. In 1848, her father was raised to the peerage as Baron Eddisbury, and two years later succeeded to his father's title, Baron Stanley of Alderley.
Rosalind was educated at home by private tutors. The Stanley family was exceptionally diverse in terms of religious convictions: Lord and Lady Stanley were high-church Anglicans, their eldest son Henry was a Muslim, their third daughter Maude was a low-church Anglican, their youngest son Algernon became a Roman Catholic bishop, their penultimate daughter Kate leaned towards atheism, while Rosalind herself identified as an agnostic.
-- Rosalind Howard's Marriage
On the 4th. October 1864, Rosalind married the painter George Howard, who became an active Liberal MP from 1879. She took part in the election campaigns of her husband and father-in-law Charles by canvassing, but refrained from speaking publicly, which was considered improper for a woman.
However in sharp contrast to her moderate husband, Rosalind soon joined the radical left, denouncing William Ewart Gladstone's occupation of Egypt, and campaigning for women's suffrage. She once responded to criticism of herself by saying:
"Fanatics have done a lot of the
world's work, and I don't mind
being classed with the fanatics."
In its early days, the marriage was close, and filled with romance. George showered Rosalind with love letters and nude sketches, but the couple gradually drifted apart.
They shared a dislike for alcohol, but little else; when the Liberal Party split on the issue of Irish home rule, which Rosalind supported, George decided to side with his cousin, the Duke of Devonshire, and the Liberal Unionist Party.
Due to their personal and political disagreements, the Howards spent most of their married life separated, with Rosalind preferring to stay at their country houses, Castle Howard and her favourite home, Naworth Castle.
-- Rosalind Howard's Views and Causes
Despite being plagued by poor health, Rosalind Howard made use of her organisational skills. She joined Liberal Party women's associations and the temperance movement. She also involved herself in the management of the extensive family estates, and took part in local government.
She took the temperance pledge in 1881, and started requiring teetotalism from her tenants, and closing down public houses on her estates the next year.
Rosalind gained further credit in 1889 when her husband succeeded his uncle William as the 9th. Earl of Carlisle, thereby also inheriting the family fortune, and she became known as the Countess of Carlisle.
In 1891, a United Kingdom Alliance official convinced Lady Carlisle to speak on the subject of temperance at a drawing-room meeting of women. She soon became a successful platform speaker and vice-president of the United Kingdom Alliance, as well as president of the North of England Temperance League in 1892.
In 1890, Lady Carlisle became a member of the Women's Liberal Federation and persuaded the organisation to support extending the suffrage to all women, but denounced Pankhurst suffragettes' violent methods.
She was elected president of the British Women's Temperance Association in 1903 and president of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Association in 1906, retaining both offices until her death.
Lady Carlisle disagreed with the policy of her predecessors, Lady Henry Somerset and Thomas Palmer Whittaker, who, among other things, advocated compensating licence holders who lost their livelihoods due to temperance.
The Countess of Carlisle allied herself with a small group of Liberal MPs, including her son Geoffrey, her son-in-law Charles Henry Roberts, her secretary Leifchild Leif-Jones and her neighbour Sir Wilfrid Lawson.
The Good Templars supported her policies, but she refused invitations to join the mostly working-class and lower middle-class organisation.
When Lady Carlisle's daughter, Lady Dorothy Georgiana Howard, was attending Girton College, her closest college friends included archaeologist Gisela Richter and future candidate for Roman Catholic Sainthood Anna Abrikosova. During vacations, both were honored guests of Lady Carlisle at Castle Howard and Castle Naworth.
Although she had opposed the South African War, Lady Carlisle firmly supported British resistance to the Germans in the Great War. However the temperance movement and the Liberal Party had divided by then, leaving her without significant political influence.
She supported H. H. Asquith despite his unwillingness to promote prohibition, and opposed David Lloyd George's proposal to nationalise the drink trade during wartime.
Though Rosalind worked hard to improve working-class people's living conditions, she was an élitist who resented their role in democracy.
-- Rosalind Howard's Children
The Carlisles had 11 children:
-- Lady Mary Henrietta Howard (1865 – 1956), who married George Gilbert Aimé Murray, son of Sir Terence Aubrey Murray, in 1889.
-- Charles James Stanley Howard, 10th. Earl of Carlisle (1867–1912), married Rhoda Ankaret L'Estrange, eldest daughter of Col. Paget Walter L'Estrange.
-- Lady Cecilia Maude Howard (1868 - 1947), married Charles Henry Roberts, the Under-Secretary of State for India, in 1891.
-- Hon. Hubert George Lyulph Howard (1871 – 1898), killed at the Battle of Omdurman while serving as a correspondent for The Times.
-- Capt. Hon. Christopher Edward Howard (1873 – 1896), 8th. King's Royal Irish Hussars, died of pneumonia at Slains Castle after contracting a cold at a shooting party.
-- Hon. Oliver Howard FSA FRGS (1875 – 1908), diplomat, who married Muriel Stephenson (1876 – 1952) in 1900. After his death from fever in Northern Nigeria, where he was British Resident, his widow married Arthur Meade, 5th. Earl of Clanwilliam.
-- Hon. Geoffrey William Algernon Howard (1877 – 1935), married Hon. Ethel Christian Methuen, eldest daughter of Paul Methuen, 3rd. Baron Methuen.
-- Lt. Hon. Michael Francis Stafford Howard (1880 – 1917), married Nora Hensman in 1911. He was killed in action in the Great War.
-- Lady Dorothy Georgiana Howard (1881 – 1968), married Francis Robert Eden, 6th. Baron Henley (1877 – 1962) in 1913.
-- Elizabeth Dacre Ethel Howard (1883 – 1883), died in infancy. There is a terra cotta effigy by Sir Edgar Boehm on her tomb at Lanercost Priory.
-- Lady Aurea Fredeswyde Howard (1884 – 1972), married Denyss Chamberlaine Wace in 1923; he was granted an annulment in 1926 on the grounds that the marriage was never consummated. She married Maj. Thomas MacLeod OBE in 1928.
-- Rosalind Howard's Death and Legacy
By the time Lord Carlisle died in 1911, Lady Carlisle's autocracy had estranged her from most of her children and friends. She strongly disapproved of her daughters' flirtatiousness, and bitterly argued with her eldest son Charles, a Tory politician.
For several years, Lady Carlisle refused to speak to her daughter Lady Dorothy due to her marriage to the brewer Francis Henley (afterwards Baron Henley). Lady Henley later claimed that her mother was privately a tyrant, despite appearing at her best in public.
Rosalind's husband left most of the family property to her for life, and instructed her to divide it among their children upon her death.
The Countess of Carlisle died on the 12th. August 1921 at her home in Kensington Palace Gardens, having survived seven of her children, and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium four days later.
Her ashes were interred alongside her husband's at Lanercost Priory on the 18th. August.
The surviving children found her last will and testament to be unfair, and agreed to re-divide the inheritance. Her daughter Lady Cecilia succeeded her as president of the British Women's Temperance Association.
Lady Carlisle served as a model for Lady Britomart in George Bernard Shaw's play Major Barbara.
