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Fragment of a sarcophagus lid; relief of coarse marble (from Proconnesus or Thasos) showing the transport of wine into a town. The wine is carried in a skin loaded onto a wooden cart (plaustrum) with solid wheels (tympana). The cart passes a man standing in an archway, possibly the dominus of the estate.
The cart is drawn by a pair of yoked oxen. They are goaded from the front by a man dressed in a short-sleeved tunic: only his right arm and the goad are preserved. The wineskin is supported by a wooden frame. The cart has solid wheels (tympana). A dog runs beneath it, harrying the oxen. In the background a man dressed in an exomis (short, belted tunic fastened at one shoulder) raises his right hand as if to welcome the cart. Despite his casual dress, his pose and location suggest that this is a person of authority, possibly the dominus of the estate. He stands in an archway apparently built of ashlar masonry. The rounded piers of a second arch or arcade appear behind the man holding the goad. The workmanship is lively and naturalistic. There are some 'pointilliste' elements in the use of the drill, notably in the decoration alongside the index finger of the man holding the goad, in the facial hair and features of the animals, and in the hair and hand of the man standing beneath the arch. The style suggests a date of c. 275-300 CE.
This is one of a group of lids depicting scenes from country life made in Rome in the later 3rd and early 4th century CE. A lid in the Museo Nazionale delle Terme, Rome, shows a similar scene. The dominus in the relief in Rome is on horseback, bearded and dressed in tunic and cloak, and raises his hand in a gesture similar to that of the man standing in the arch on the London relief. This lid is dated to the Tetrarchic period. Such scenes, which are largely restricted to lids, appear in association with a variety of scenes on chests, and cannot therefore be used as indicators of the decoration of the latter.
When Townley made a sketch of it, the relief appears to have been more complete, with all of the large wineskin and cart intact: www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_2010-5006-283
Roman, from Rome, 3rd century CE.
British Museum, London (Townley Collection) (1805,0703.458)