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Guzunder
The introduction of indoor flush toilets started to displace chamber pots in the 19th century, but they remained common until the mid-20th century. The alternative to using the chamber pot was a trip to the outhouse.
A chamber pot might be disguised in a sort of chair (a close stool). It might be stored in a cabinet with doors to hide it; this sort of night-stand was known as a commode, hence the latter word came to mean "toilet" as well. For homes without these items of furniture, the chamber pot was stored under the bed.
The modern commode toilet and bedpan, used by bed-bound or disabled persons, are variants of the chamber pot.
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Hot water bottle
Pottery filled with hot water was used. With the advent of rubber, the hot water bottle became dominant. In the early 20th century, electric blankets began to replace the bed warmer.
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_pot
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_warmer
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Originally taken and posted for the GWUK group.
Guessed by Janet G48
Depictions of new babies with their mothers were not unusual in the Dutch Golden Age. They were practically always tidy displays of order & prosperity. This depiction veers so wildly from that ideal that it seems difficult to believe that anyone other than the most unaware patron would have paid for it.
The obvious joke is that the person in the back (perhaps a self-portrait of the painter) is giving the baby "horns" as he waves. Horns were a well-known signal of cuckoldry, meaning that the husband had lost the sexual exclusivity of his wife the same way as a stag defeated in a fight. The assumed father, holding the baby, is also wearing an apron & housekeeping keys, as if "reduced" to a feminized servant in his own house, while the busty central woman holds out her hand for money from his purse.
As opposed to the tidy housekeeping most patrons would want displayed in a birth portrait, the floor here is littered with broken eggs- 'cracking eggs' was a euphemism for sex at the time. They lie around a warming pan, which would also bring a phrase to mind in the audience- 'the only warmth in the marriage bed is the warming pan'. Finally, the unhappy-looking servant at back right is pulling sausages above the fireplace. Has she perhaps become the replacement for a cheating wife in the husband's sex life?
It is possible Steen painted this not for a paying patron, but for his own amusement at seeing his genetic offspring born to the busty, cheerfully unfaithful wife of a man he didn't like. There is no way to know. Since he could never have recorded such an occurrence openly, a painting like this might be his only way to leave the trick to posterity.
Before the hot water bottle and before the electric blanket there was the bed warmer.
Also known as a warming pan, one would put fireplace coals in the pan and slide the pan under the bed-covers to warm and dry them.
Warming pans date back at least to the 16th century and were still in use through the early 1900s.
This one came from my grandmother's house though I'm not sure she was the original owner.
Inside the early C19th tollhouse from Upper Beeding, West Sussex.
www.wealddown.co.uk