In 1879, during excavations for the Tiber embankments, in the garden of the Renaissance Villa Famesina were found "remains of a noble private house of the Augustan period, decorated with the most beautiful wall paintings ever seen in Rome." The find spot was in the Augustan urban district XIV, called "Transtiberina," the modern Trastevere.
The district was a center for artisans and ethnic minorities and was the site of many warehouses (horrea) for goods transported by river; but there were also gardens and villas facing the Tiber, such as the well-known gardens of Caesar.
The discovery caused great excitement. At that time wall paintings from the time of Augustus were rare in Rome, only known from the House of Livia on the Palatine; the Palatine complexes of the House of Augustus and the Aula Isiaca were yet to be found.
This fresco is from a corridor, a covered passageway that connected the two wings of the villa, partly straight and partly curved, following the shape of the central exedra. The wall is divided by slender columns. Their capitals support female figures whose architectural function is in turn to support the columns of the superstructure. The female figures hold floral garlands that link them to one another. They may be meant to represent Caryatids, the women of Caria sold into slavery, who gave the name to female figures used as supports instead of columns.
The most important part of the decoration is the small pictures in the upper zone: still lifes with masks from the theater (as seen above) alternate with imaginary landscapes, shrines, statues of divinities, little aedicula, and altars, the whole populated by figures of peasants, fishermen, and shepherds.
Villa della Farnesina (corridor F-G), Rome, 1st century BCE.
Museo Nazionale Romano, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome